Note 2. Significant accounting policies (continued) Group Companies The financial results and position of foreign operations, whose functional currency is different from the Group’s presentation currency, are translated as follows: – assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates prevailing at the end of the reporting period; – income and expenses are translated at exchange rates on the date of transaction; and – all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income. Exchange differences arising on translation of foreign operations with functional currencies other than Australian dollars are recognised in other comprehensive income and included in the foreign currency translation reserve in the statement of financial position and allocated to non-controlling interest where relevant. The cumulative amount of these differences is reclassified into profit or loss in the period in which the operation is disposed of. Revenue recognition The Consolidated Entity recognises revenue as follows: Other income Other income is recognised when it is received or when the right to receive payment is established. Interest income Interest income is recognised as interest accrues using the effective interest method. This is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset and allocating the interest income over the relevant period using the effective interest rate, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. Government Grants Government grants are recognised in the financial statements at expected values or actual cash received when there is a reasonable assurance that the Consolidated Entity will comply with the requirements and that the grant will be received. Income tax The income tax expense (income) for the year comprises current income tax expense (income) and deferred tax expense (income). Current income tax expense charged to profit or loss is the tax payable on taxable income for the current period. Current tax liabilities (assets) are measured at the amounts expected to be paid to (recovered from) the relevant taxation authority using tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax expense reflects movements in deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability balances during the year as well as unused tax losses. Current and deferred income tax expense (income) is charged or credited outside profit or loss when the tax relates to items that are recognised outside profit or loss or arising from a business combination. A deferred tax liability shall be recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except to the extent that the deferred tax liability arises from: (a) the initial recognition of goodwill; or (b) the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction which: (i) is not a business combination; and (ii) at the time of the transaction, affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit (tax loss). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled and their measurement also reflects the manner in which management expects to recover or settle the carrying amount of the related asset or liability. With respect to non-depreciable items of property, plant and equipment measured at fair value and items of investment property measured at fair value, the related deferred tax liability or deferred tax asset is measured on the basis that the carrying amount of the asset will be recovered entirely through sale. When an investment property that is depreciable is held by the entity in a business model whose objective is to consume substantially all of the economic benefits embodied in the property through use over time (rather than through sale), the related deferred tax liability or deferred tax asset is measured on the basis that the carrying amount of such property will be recovered entirely through use. 45 Melbana Energy Limited Annual Report 2024
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