Note 2. Significant accounting policies (continued) Where there has not been a significant increase in exposure to credit risk since initial recognition, a 12-month expected credit loss allowance is estimated. This represents a portion of the asset’s lifetime expected credit losses that is attributable to a default event that is possible within the next 12 months. Where a financial asset has become credit impaired or where it is determined that credit risk has increased significantly, the loss allowance is based on the asset’s lifetime expected credit losses. The amount of expected credit loss recognised is measured on the basis of the probability weighted present value of anticipated cash shortfalls over the life of the instrument discounted at the original effective interest rate. For financial assets mandatorily measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (only debt instruments, not equity instruments), the loss allowance is recognised in other comprehensive income with a corresponding expense through profit or loss. In all other cases, the loss allowance reduces the asset’s carrying value with a corresponding expense through profit or loss. Plant and equipment Plant and equipment is stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. In the event the carrying amount of plant and equipment is greater than the estimated recoverable amount, the carrying amount is written down immediately to the estimated recoverable amount and impairment losses are recognised. A formal assessment of recoverable amount is made when impairment indicators are present The carrying amount of plant and equipment is reviewed annually by directors to ensure it is not in excess of the recoverable amount from these assets. The recoverable amount is assessed on the basis of the expected net cash flows that will be received from the asset’s employment and subsequent disposal. The expected net cash flows have been discounted to their present values in determining recoverable amounts. The cost of fixed assets constructed within the Consolidated Group includes the cost of materials, direct labour, borrowing costs and an appropriate proportion of fixed and variable overheads. Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance are recognised as expenses in profit or loss during the financial period in which they are incurred. Depreciation The depreciable amount of all plant and equipment including capitalised leased assets, is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the asset’s useful life to the Consolidated Group commencing from the time the asset is held ready for use. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of either the unexpired term of the lease or the estimated useful lives of the improvements. The expected useful lives of the Consolidated Group’s plant and equipment range from 3 to 15 years. The residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each reporting date. An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount. Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with the carrying amount. These gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise. Gains shall not be classified as revenue. When revalued assets are sold, amounts included in the revaluation surplus relating to that asset are transferred to retained earnings. Exploration and evaluation assets Exploration, evaluation and development expenditures incurred are capitalised in respect of each identifiable area of interest. These costs are only capitalised to the extent that they are expected to be recovered through the successful development of the area or where activities in the area have not yet reached a stage that permits reasonable assessment of the existence of economically recoverable reserves. Accumulated costs in relation to an abandoned area are written off in full against profit or loss in the period in which the decision to abandon the area is made. When production commences, the accumulated costs for the relevant area of interest are amortised over the life of the area according to the rate of depletion of the economically recoverable reserves. A regular review is undertaken of each area of interest to determine the appropriateness of continuing to capitalise costs in relation to that area. Costs of site restoration are provided for over the life of the project from when exploration commences and are included in the costs of that stage. Site restoration costs include the dismantling and removal of mining plant, equipment and building structures, waste removal, and rehabilitation of the site in accordance with local laws and regulations and clauses of the permits. Such costs have been determined using estimates of future costs, current legal requirements and technology on an undiscounted basis. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2024 48 Melbana Energy Limited Annual Report 2024
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